In the N-end rule pathway, the N-degrons are recognized by N-recognins, a type of E3 ligases. Since there are various N-degrons including UBR-box, N-domain and the others, different protein domains are employed by organisms to recognize (1). The N-domain N-degron (bulky hydrophobic residues; Phe, Leu, Trp, Ile and Tyr) is recognized by a ~80-residue N-domain, which shows sequential, structural and functional similarities with the 106-residue Escherichia coli ClpS, a bacterial N-recognin (2). N-domains are usually found in the downstream from the UBR-boxes. Here we defined the N-domain family as the N- recognins contain the N-domain.
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